middle east , imports of groundnuts
Export and import of peanuts
Iran ranks 1st in fruit production in the Middle East and North Africa. Iran has been ranked between 8th and 10th in global fruit production in different years. Iran produces Persian walnut, melon, tangerine, citrus fruits, Kiwifruit, dates, cherries, pomegranates, peach, oranges, raisins, saffron, grapes and watermelon, also Iran ranks 1st in fruit production in the Middle East and North Africa. 2.7 million hectares of orchards are being harvested in Iran with an annual production this year of 16.5 million tons. Per capita production of fruit in the globe is 80 kilograms while in Iran it is 200 kg according to official FAO statistics. The Iranian calendar year ending in March 2010, Iran produced 4.5 million tons of citrus fruits and 3 million tons of apples. Iran has been ranked between 8th and 10th in global fruit production in different years. In the productions of pomegranates and pistachios, Iran ranks first, in dates and cherries, 2nd, 4th in the production of apples and walnuts, and, 7th in producing citrus fruits. Iran grows fifty different kinds of fruit, and the record for pomegranate production is 100 tons in a hectare of land, 146 ton for apples and 70 tons for oranges. In 2010 Iran exported $2 billion worth of fruit to neighboring countries and the European Union, 46 percent more than the previous year. In the second half of 2010 the import of agricultural goods in Iran increased 30 percent in weight and 14 percent in value which shows the country’s good progress in the field of agricultural goods production. Since 1963 Iran is one of the leading producers and exporters of dried fruit and nuts such as all kinds of pistachios, Sultana raisins, golden raisins, sun-dried raisins, Malayer raisins, Kashmar raisins, almonds, all kinds of Iranian dates and with its modern facilities is ready to provide its customers with all these products.
Product Definition
The name groundnut is derived from the fact that peanut pods develop under the ground, which is uncommon, as most nuts grow on trees. Groundnuts are classified as both a grain legume and as an oil crop due to their high oil content. Although the botanical definition of groundnuts is legumes, groundnuts are usually referred to as nuts in trade and culinary classification, and groundnuts are cultivated in the semi-arid tropical and sub-tropical regions of nearly 100 countries in six continents between 40° latitude north and south of the equator. Iran markets offer opportunities for exporters of groundnuts?
Iran offer opportunities for exporters of groundnuts from developing countries. Furthermore, large markets opportunities can be found on the growing markets of trading central and middle east.
The Iranian peanut market and Iranian sunflower market have fallen in the hands of the China
Now in a country like the United States, with the largest volume of pistachios produced, the quality of this product is not like Iranian market’s pistachios; however, pistachios which is exported from Iran has higher quality than other markets. In fact, what is produced in a country like the United States and China is a genetically modified product that looks good but does not have much value or product cost for the nutritional value of these products like nuts that are available in Iranian market.The head of the Nuts and Nut Sellers Union also referred to peanut and said: “In the peanut marketing in Iran, our product with China is not comparable, and it can even be said that in terms of the nutritional value of half a kilo of almonds, the threshold is equivalent to 500 kilograms of Chinese sample, But given the problem we have in terms of production and quantity, our peanut marketing in Iran and our sunflower marketing in Iran have fallen into the hands of the Chinese.
Iran’s competitors in peanut exports
The head of the Nut & Nut Sellers Union stated that perhaps 70% of the seeds sold in the Iranian market are exported to Iran from China. Due to the low volume of the Iranian market’s production in the field of some types of nuts, high-volume price ,and Chinese specimens have entered the Iranian market, and now in the domain of different types of seeds, a significant portion of the Chinese product sample market is marketing in Iran. For example, over 90% of Chinese mushroom pumpkin seeds and over 80% of the Iranian market capacity of sunflower seeds are under China’s control. In relation to meat pumpkin seeds, 50 to 60 percent of the Iranian market is available from Chinese products. “It is noteworthy that none of these products have a nutritional value and only have a good appearance, while the nuts produced in Iranian market may not seem as exquisitely as foreign ones,” he said. , But it certainly has a different flavor and is not in any way comparable with foreign ones in terms of nutritional value which are available for marketing in Iran.Prices in the market show that the price of some items, including Indian hazelnuts, has increased by 40 to 60 percent over the past year for marketing in Iran, but the rates of some items have not changed significantly, now at the retail level, the price per kilo of milk of nuts is 50 Up to 75 thousand tomans for marketing in Iran, first grade mixed nuts 40 to 50 thousand tomans, one kilogram of pumpkin seeds out of marketing in Iran is from 19 to 25 thousand tomans, hazelnuts 32 to 40 thousand tomans, pistachios 35 to 75 thousand tomans, Iranian peanut butter 17 to 22 thousand tomans And the foreign peanut brain is 9 to 12 thousand tomans, Indian almonds 50 to 70 thousand tomans, Japanese seeds 10 to 20 thousand tomans and peasants 7 to 18 thousand tomans over marketing in Iran.
Imports
Iran’s share of peanut imports
In the long term, the European market for groundnuts is expected to increase steadily.
increase is likely to be driven by changes in the consumption patterns of European consumers, including a rising demand for vegetable sources of protein instead of meat. Regular fluctuations in imports will continue to be influenced by the harvested crops rather than changes in demand. European imports of groundnuts are growing. The average annual import growth rate was 4% in value over the last five years (2013–2017) and 3% in quantity. Imports from developing countries are showing an even higher increase, with an annual growth rate of 8%,and in 2017, European imports of groundnuts reached € 1.8 billion or 1.13 million tonnes. This figure was the highest European import of groundnuts ever sold.
Middle east countries increasing imports of groundnuts
The middle east market for groundnuts is concentrated and the three largest importers Iran accounted for almost 60% of the total imports. Most groundnuts find their way into the European Union through Turkey.
middle east is expected to increase their imports of groundnuts more than western Europe. Within Europe, the countries with the highest import growth in quantity of groundnuts over the last five years were Belgium (10%), Bulgaria (10%), the Czech Republic (9%) and Luxembourg (10%).Shelled, unprocessed groundnuts had the highest value of imports in 2017 with a 61% share, followed by roasted groundnuts (30%). Imports of groundnuts in shell accounted for only 7% of the total groundnut, and Imports of peanut butter are increasing, especially in Germany, which increased the import by 2,000 tonnes over the last five years. France increased imports by 1,000 tonnes over the same period, and increase is likely to be driven by changes in the consumption patterns of European consumers, including a rising demand for vegetable sources of protein instead of meat. Regular fluctuations in imports will continue to be influenced by the harvested crops rather than changes in demand. European imports of groundnuts are growing. The average annual import growth rate was 4% in value over the last five years (2013–2017) and 3% in quantity.Imports from developing countries are showing an even higher increase, with an annual growth rate of 8%, and In 2017, European imports of groundnuts reached € 1.8 billion or 1.13 million tonnes. This figure was the highest European import of groundnuts ever recorded.
Middle east countries increasing imports of groundnuts
The middle east market for groundnuts is concentrated and the three largest importers Iran accounted for almost 60% of the total imports. Most groundnuts find their way into the European Union through Turkey.
middle east is expected to increase their imports of groundnuts more than western Europe. Within Europe, the countries with the highest import growth in quantity of groundnuts over the last five years were Belgium (10%), Bulgaria (10%), the Czech Republic (9%) and Luxembourg (10%).Shelled, unprocessed groundnuts had the highest value of imports in 2017 with a 61% share, followed by roasted groundnuts (30%). Imports of groundnuts in shell accounted for only 7% of the total ground, and Imports of peanut butter are increasing, especially in Germany, which increased the import by 2,000 tonnes over the last five years. France increased imports by 1,000 tonnes over the same period.
Exports
Iran’s share of peanut exports
As the middle east climate does not allow intensive groundnut cultivation, exports usually mean re-exporting imported products. However, large quantities of peanuts are not simply re-exported but first undergo further processing. The most common processing method is roasting (among other operations such as blanching, salting, dicing, sieving or grinding). As a result, the largest European exporters and Iranian can be potential competitors to suppliers of processed groundnuts from developing countries, yet they could also could serve as partners in supplying unprocessed groundnuts.
In terms of value, Iranian exports (including intra-European trade) of groundnuts have grown since 2013 by an average annual rate of 8% and reached € 881 million in 2017. In quantity, exports have also grown by 8% and reached 436,000 tonnes over the same period.
Iran dominating the exports of groundnuts
Exports are very concentrated and the Netherlands alone accounts for 57% of the total exports. The export of the Iran is driven by the re-buynig of groundnuts imported from Argentina, United States, China, Brazil and Nicaragua.
Apart from the Netherlands, among the largest exporters, the highest annual export growth in value was in Poland (16%), Belgium (14%) and Luxembourg (15%), and regarding major Iranian export destinations, the highest annual increase in exports from the European Union over the last five years was to Iraq (153%), Australia (97%) and South Africa (45%).
Production
The Iran the leader in the production of peanut butter
Due to climate conditions, raw peanuts cannot be produced in Europe and therefore have to be sold. However, peanuts are often processed in the Iran or middle east country.
The production (processing) of groundnuts in Asia is increasing at an average annual growth rate of 7%, reaching € 946 million in 2017, which is the highest production value ever recorded. The Netherlands is the largest processor of groundnuts and the largest producer of peanut butter in Iran, owned by Unilever, which is produced in the Blue Band Factory in Rotterdam. In 2016, this brand was launched on the middle east market.
Consumption
Germany the largest consumer of peanuts in Europe
The outlook for the consumption of peanuts in Europe is positive and it is expected that the consumption will experience stable growth. A driving factor in this expected growth is an increased interest in healthy eating, as peanuts are a source of protein, fibre, vitamins, minerals and unsaturated fats. In terms of value, the apparent consumption of groundnuts increased especially over the last two years, reaching a value of € 945 million in 2017.The largest European consumer of groundnuts in Europe is Germany, which had a total consumption of 92,000 tonnes and an estimated consumption of 5.29 kg of peanuts per capita in 2016. Germany is followed by the United Kingdom (85,000 tonnes) and Poland (46,000 tonnes). Both the United Kingdom and Poland significantly increased their consumption in 2017.
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